We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 13 September 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO-INDIA COAL RUN WAS FIXED CLOSE TO $16000 ON ULTRA - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Rates took a further drop in the beginning of the week, to later find a floor around mid-week reaching mid USD 7 level for c5 and just ...
Thursday, 13 September 18
SHIPPING IS INCREASINGLY CAUGHT IN THE TRADE WAR LINE OF CROSSFIRE - PETER SAND
Once again, the already long list of tariffed goods has been made even longer. Many more commodities were hit on 23 August, but September is likely ...
Wednesday, 12 September 18
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LETTERS OF INDEMNITY AND CHARTERPARTY "TIME BAR" PROVISIONS - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Introduction
A recent English Court of Appeal decision provides important guidance on the applicability of charterpar ...
Wednesday, 12 September 18
IS LNG POISED FOR A NEW GROWTH CYCLE? - WOOD MACKENZIE
Gas needs to work for its long-term sustainability. But the mood music is upbeat. Just 18 months ago the LNG market was depressed, anticipating an ...
Wednesday, 12 September 18
U.S. TOTAL COAL EXPORTS TO BE 107 MMST IN 2018 AND 101 MMST IN 2019 - EIA
EIA forecasts U.S. coal production will decline by 1% to 768 million short tons (MMst) in 2018, despite a 10% (10 MMst) increase in coal exports.
...
|
|
|
Showing 1621 to 1625 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Australian Coal Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
|
| |
| |
|
