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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 17 September 18
GLENCORE RETURNS TO JAPAN COAL TALKS SCUPPERED BY HIGH PRICES - BLOOMBERG
Mining giant Glencore Plc and Japanese utilities have resumed thermal coal supply negotiations, restarting talks that fell apart earlier this year ...
Monday, 17 September 18
SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE WORLD FLEET WILL FIT SCRUBBERS - FORECASTS : METTE KRONHOLM FRAENDE
In recent months, there have been numerous reports of a strong pick-up in demand for scrubbers. On 1 January 2020, however, the number of ships fit ...
Saturday, 15 September 18
POWERING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH LOW EMISSION COAL TECHNOLOGIES - WCA
In its 5th Strategic Energy Plan this year (2018), the Japanese Cabinet recognised coal as an important energy resource, necessary for the country& ...
Friday, 14 September 18
10 YEARS ON FROM LEHMAN, HOW IS SHIPPING'S "HANGOVER"? - CLARKSONS RESEARCH
On 15th September 2008, the collapse of Lehman Brothers crystallised the financial crisis and the onset the worst economic downturn for a century. ...
Thursday, 13 September 18
OPEC SEES SLOWER 2019 OIL DEMAND GROWTH, WARNS ON ECONOMY
Crude Oil Price Movements
In August, the OPEC Reference Basket declined by $1.01 m-o-m, settling at $72.26/b. Crude oil futures were also down ...
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Showing 1616 to 1620 news of total 6871 |
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
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