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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 25 September 18
THE INCONVENIENT TRUTH OF RISING COAL PRICES - FORBES
Coal prices are not supposed to be rising as governments tighten environmental controls but that’s precisely what is happening at the premium ...
Saturday, 22 September 18
SHIPOWNERS URGENTLY NEED A FUEL-MANAGEMENT PLAN - METTE KRONHOLM FRAENDE, BIMCO
With the majority of ship operators expected to choose low-sulphur fuel over scrubbers to comply with the new IMO sulphur cap regulation, all eyes ...
Saturday, 22 September 18
GERMANY'S MOVE TO SCRAP COAL WILL COST TAXPAYERS - BRIAN PARKIN | WILLIAM WILKES
Chancellor Angela Merkel’s plan to close Germany’s remaining coal-fired power stations will drive up subsidies for regions that mine th ...
Saturday, 22 September 18
FITCH RATINGS: WORLD GROWTH FORECAST CUT ON US-CHINA TRADE BATTLE
Protectionist US trade policies have now reached the point where they are materially affecting what remains a strong global growth outlook, with th ...
Tuesday, 18 September 18
COOLING OUTLOOK FOR COAL - KATE JONES
At a time of increasing focus on the renewables market as the world seeks to clean up its act to prevent climate change, what is the outlook like f ...
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Showing 1611 to 1615 news of total 6871 |
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Minerals Council of Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
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