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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 08 October 18
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR 520,000 TONS OF COLOMBIAN ORIGIN OF 5,700 NAR COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a tender for 520,000 MT of min. 5700 NAR coal of Colombian origin ...
Sunday, 07 October 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO-INDIA USUAL COAL RUNS WERE COVERED AT US$ 12K - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Average daily earnings up close to 15 pct in 5 trading days, thus patience finally paying off for owners of the big ships - Chinese play ...
Sunday, 07 October 18
A CASE FOR 20/20 VISION? IMO'S LOW SULPHUR FUEL LIMIT UNDER MARPOL ANNEX VI WHICH COMES INTO FORCE ON 1ST JANUARY 2020
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The implementation of the global 0.5% sulphur cap for bunker fuel under MARPOL Annex VI in just under 18 months’ ti ...
Friday, 05 October 18
COAL PRODUCTION REACHES 64% OF 2018 TARGET : THE JAKARTA POST
National coal production up to August has already reached 311 million tons, or 64 percent of this year's total target of 485 million tons, acco ...
Wednesday, 03 October 18
VALUE OF AUSTRALIAN COAL EXPORTS TIPPED TO DECLINE SHARPLY OVER NEXT 18 MONTHS - THE GUARDIAN
Thermal coal prices forecast to drop 25% and metallurgical coal prices 23% as value of iron ore exports also falls
The value of Aust ...
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Showing 1596 to 1600 news of total 6871 |
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- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The University of Queensland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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