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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Saturday, 20 October 18
PANAMAX: THE PACIFIC SAW A LARGE VOLUME OF FIXING, WITH INDONESIA AGAIN THE DRIVING FORCE - THE BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A positive end to last week after a shaky start, with a Coaltrans taking participants out of the market early on and with rates slippi ...
Thursday, 18 October 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO/WC INDIA SUPRAS ARE FIXING AROUND MID $14000S P/D BASIS SPORE DELIVERY
Capesize
The volatile Cape market continues this week, especially in the Pacific says Fearnleys in its latest weekly report.
...
Thursday, 18 October 18
COAL SHORTAGE HITS POWER SECTOR AGAIN; HOW INDIA CAN GET ITS PRODUCTION RIGHT - ANIL SWARUP
By convincing states of the value proposition of increased production, the record production of Fy15 & Fy16 can be emulated.
The ...
Thursday, 18 October 18
CHINA POWER REFORM NEUTRAL ON GRIDS, PRESSURES IPP MARGINS - FITCH RATINGS
China's power sector reform has a broadly neutral impact on transmission grids although it will pressure the power producers' margins, says ...
Wednesday, 17 October 18
ESCROW SERVICE FOR BALTIC MEMBERS NOW LIVE
The Baltic Exchange’s Escrow Service for its members to hold deposits for ship sale transactions goes live today (15 October). The service is ...
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Showing 1586 to 1590 news of total 6871 |
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- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
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