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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 29 October 18
IMPLEMENTATION OF SULPHUR 2020 LIMIT - CARRIAGE BAN ADOPTED - IMO
An amendment to support consistent implementation of the forthcoming 0.50% limit on sulphur in ships fuel oil was adopted by the International Mari ...
Monday, 29 October 18
SUPRAMAX: THE ASIAN AREA SAW FALLING RATES, WITH A 61,000DWT FIXING DELIVERY KOHSICHANG TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY INDIA, AT $10,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A market of two halves for most of the week with rates in the Atlantic firming and easing in the East for most of the week, but then, ...
Friday, 26 October 18
SHIP OPERATING COSTS EXPECTED TO RISE IN 2018 AND 2019 - MOORE STEPHENS
Total vessel operating costs in the shipping industry are expected to rise by 2.7% in 2018 and by 3.1% in 2019, according to our latest survey.
...
Friday, 26 October 18
SEVERAL CONTRACTIONS IN GLOBAL STEEL PRODUCTION - JEFFREY LANDSBERG
World Steel Association data released today shows that global crude steel production totaled approximately 151.7 million tons in September. T ...
Thursday, 25 October 18
WHAT DOES THE "IMO 2020" REGULATION REALLY SAY? A QUICK GUIDE - BIMCO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The shipping industry has all eyes firmly fixed on the topic, but what exactly do the “IMO 2020” global sulph ...
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- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
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