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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 02 November 18
COAL FETCHES 102% PREMIUM IN E-AUCTION, SURPASSING THE EARLIER HIGHEST OF 95% - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Coal prices have received a premium of 102% in spot e-auction during September 2018, surpassing the earlier highest of 95% premium during the spot ...
Friday, 02 November 18
CHINA: COAL CONSUMPTION POSTS STRONG GROWTH ON BACK OF POWER GENERATION DEMAND - CHINA DAILY
China’s energy consumption experienced continuous rebound during the first three quarters in 2018, National Energy Administration announced o ...
Thursday, 01 November 18
IMO 2020 - EXPLORING THE OPTION OF SOX SCRUBBERS - SIDDHARTH MAHAJAN, GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
There are four possible methods of compliance:
1.use VLSFO (very low Sulphur oil) or blends;
2,use dis ...
Wednesday, 31 October 18
INDIA: COAL IMPORTS SURGE ON DOMESTIC SHORT SUPPLY - HINDU
Shortage of thermal coal supply in India has pushed imports up to 85 million tonnes (mt) in the first half of the current fiscal compared to 75 mt ...
Wednesday, 31 October 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - APOSTOLOS ROMPOPOULOS
Since the IMO’s 2020 global cap on sulphur in marine fuels is coming into force, ship-owners have to decide whether they will operate using e ...
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- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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