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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 24 October 18
MARKET INSIGHT - NASSOS SOULAKIS
Looking at 2018 SnP activity, it is evident that Greek, Chinese and North European (German and Norwegian) owners are the top buying nationalities, ...
Wednesday, 24 October 18
CHINESE POWER PLANT STOCKPILES AT HIGHEST LEVEL SINCE 2015 - JEFFREY LANDSBERG
Chinese power plant coal stockpiles have climbed to approximately 83.3 million tons as of the middle of this month, said Jeffrey Landsberg in his e ...
Tuesday, 23 October 18
WILL THE U.S. COAL DECLINE CONTINUE? - FORBES
What’s Trump’s new coal proposal?
Adding to its controversial plan to leverage federal authority to keep retiring baselo ...
Monday, 22 October 18
CONTINUED HIGH LNG PRICES; TRADE WAR IMPACT LIMITED - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects sustained high spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) and contract prices over the next two quarters on limited investment in LNG e ...
Monday, 22 October 18
WINTER OIL MARKET OUTLOOK - OPEC
The oil market in the winter season is generally characterized by demand for diesel, particularly in the northern hemisphere, leaving product marke ...
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- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PTC India Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Coal Association
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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