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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 17 October 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - TIMOS PAPADIMITRIOU
In the last three months approximately 72 tankers changed hands involving ships larger than 33kdwt up to VLCC. 43 of those vessels had to do ...
Tuesday, 16 October 18
A PRACTICAL OVERVIEW OF THE IMO 2020 SULPHUR CAP - CLYDE&CO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
With less than eighteen months before Regulation 14.1.3 of Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention comes into effect, there are ...
Saturday, 13 October 18
SUPRAMAX: SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN WAS EVIDENT AND RATES JUMPED - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A sharp reversal of fortunes for the big ships as the week closed after a depressed beginning. To start with drops were sudden, with t ...
Wednesday, 10 October 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - ILIAS M. LALAOUNIS
During the end of last month the BHSI was hovering around 630 points, while the last observed sale on a 10-yr old Japanese Handy was the M/V Van Im ...
Monday, 08 October 18
INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL PRICE REFERENCE FELL 3.74% IN OCTOBER 2018
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal ...
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Planning Commission, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Coal Association
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
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