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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 13 November 18
INDIA: POWER DEMAND UP; COAL STOCKS AT MINES AT A 5-YEAR LOW - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Stocks at Coal India mines plunged to a five-year low of 21 million tonne (mt) in October, as a sudden surge in demand for the fuel from the power ...
Monday, 12 November 18
COAL BUSINESS REMAINS PROSPECTIVE - ANTARA
Coal business happened to be sluggish in the 2012-2015 period because coal prices in the world market fell sharply, but it has begun to crawl up si ...
Monday, 12 November 18
INDONESIA'S HBA ENDS DECLINE IN NOVEMBER
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal ...
Wednesday, 07 November 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - VASILIS MOIRIS
This has been another active week in the second-hand market for both the dry bulk and tanker sectors. Buying interest has recently increased, which ...
Monday, 05 November 18
TIGHTER FUEL RULES COULD RAISE SHIPOWNERS' COSTS AND CAPEX - FITCH RATINGS
More stringent fuel regulations regarding sulphur content could significantly increase global shipping companies’ operating costs and capex n ...
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Showing 1566 to 1570 news of total 6871 |
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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