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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 19 November 18
SUPRAMAX: THE BSI CONTINUED TO FALL LAST WEEK, ESPECIALLY THE ASIAN ROUTES - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
After a cut throat couple of weeks, the market finally appeared to have found a floor and rates ticked up. Those analysts that predict ...
Sunday, 18 November 18
COAL STOCKS IN A THIRD OF NTPC PLANTS CLOSE TO NIL - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Coal supply shortage continues to haunt NTPC, the country’s largest power generator, with latest government data showing 31% of the company&r ...
Thursday, 15 November 18
OIL MARKET REPORT: HEEDING THE WARNINGS - IEA
In last month’s Report, we noted that since the middle of the year oil supply had increased sharply, with gains in the Middle East, Russia an ...
Wednesday, 14 November 18
BIMCO ADOPTS 2020 BUNKER CLAUSES
BIMCO has developed two 2020 bunker clauses that deal with general compliance and the transitional period for an early December release.
...
Wednesday, 14 November 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
The shipping industry is going through an interesting period across all markets. Since the end of last year, the Dry Baltic Index has been showing ...
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The University of Queensland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
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