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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 28 June 24
INDIAN POWER STATIONS STOCKED WITH BUMPER COAL SUPPLY AS TRANSPORT WOES EASE - BUSINESS STANDARD
Even as power demand has touched a historic high of 250 gigawatts (Gw) amid sweltering heat this June, India’s power stations are stocked wit ...
Friday, 28 June 24
INDIA'S CY23 COAL USE LARGER THAN NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE COMBINED - THE HINDU
For the first time, India’s coal consumption surpassed that of North America and Europe combined in the calendar year 2023, said Energy Insti ...
Monday, 24 June 24
PLN'S FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY RESTS ON ACCELERATED COAL RETIREMENT AND RENEWABLES DEPLOYMENT - MUTYA YUSTIKA
On 28 May 2024, Indonesia’s national electricity utility, PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), released its financial report for 2023. Althoug ...
Monday, 24 June 24
INDIA'S COAL-BASED POWER DEMAND AT ALL-TIME HIGH, GOVERNMENT SAYS - REUTERS
India’s demand for coal-based power has risen by 7.3% this fiscal year to an all-time high, the government said in a statement on Wednesday.
...
Monday, 24 June 24
CHINA'S COAL INDUSTRY TURNS GREENER THROUGH INNOVATIVE APPROACHES - PEOPLE'S DAILY
At an opencast mine operated by Inner Mongolia Pingzhuang Coal Group Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of CHN Energy Investment Group (CHN Energy), a 14-meter ...
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Showing 11 to 15 news of total 6871 |
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Australian Coal Association
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The University of Queensland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
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