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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 12 June 24
CHINA ACCOUNTS FOR 16.3% OF AUSTRALIA'S COAL EXPORTS, FOLLOWED BY INDIA 14.4% - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace in recent months, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels says Banchero Costa in its latest report.
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Wednesday, 12 June 24
LNG NEWBUILDING VALUES AT RECORD HIGH: 78 NEWBUILD ORDERS PLACED IN 2024, DOUBLING 2023 - VESON NAUTICAL
The number of LNG newbuilding orders have more than doubled from the same period last year where 34 orders were placed, compared to 78 in the first ...
Monday, 10 June 24
CHINA'S MAY COAL IMPORTS RISE 11% ON LOWER DOMESTIC OUTPUT - REUTERS
China’s imports of coal rose 11% in May from a year earlier, customs data and Reuters records showed on Friday, as lower domestic output this ...
Tuesday, 04 June 24
HOW DO WESTERN SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA IMPACT THE GLOBAL METALS, MINING AND COAL MARKETS - WOOD MACKENZIE
The geopolitical landscape for Russia, as a major supplier of various commodities, has undergone a dramatic transformation since the invasion of Uk ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CASE STUDY: DANGERS OF COAL CARGO - SKULD
Recently, a bulk cargo vessel carrying coal from South Africa to Singapore suffered a fatal accident, resulting in the deaths of three crew members ...
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Showing 21 to 25 news of total 6871 |
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- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
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