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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 24 June 24
PHILIPPINES COAL SUPPLY ENOUGH UNTIL 2030 - PHILSTAR GLOBAL
The country’s existing coal-fired power plants are sufficient to ensure enough base load capacity in the next six years, Energy Secretary Rap ...
Friday, 14 June 24
NEXTDECADE, SAUDI ARAMCO SIGN 20-YEAR LNG SUPPLY DEAL - REUTERS
U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) provider NextDecade has signed a non-binding agreement with Saudi Aramco 2222.SE to supply 1.2 million tonnes per ...
Friday, 14 June 24
NEWBUILDING PRICES CLIMB 3% TO HIGHEST LEVEL IN 16 YEARS - NIELS RASMUSSEN
“Since the start of the year, newbuilding prices have risen 3% to their highest level since 2008. Compared to their most recent low in late 2 ...
Friday, 14 June 24
INDIA TARGETS HIGHER DOMESTIC COAL PRODUCTION, REDUCED IMPORTS: GOVT - REUTERS
India wants to reduce coal imports and increase domestic production, federal coal minister G. Kishan Reddy said on Thursday.
The cou ...
Thursday, 13 June 24
US LNG TO ASIA FOR POWER GENERATION EXPECTED TO CUT EMISSIONS VERSUS COAL - RYSTAD ENERGY
The value-chain emissions of liquified natural gas (LNG) are lower on average than for coal-fired power generation, even when the fuel is shipp ...
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Showing 16 to 20 news of total 6871 |
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- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PTC India Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Coal Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- White Energy Company Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
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