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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 02 August 24
COAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: FALLING PRICES AMID RECORD-HIGH OUTPUT - WORLD BANK
Coal prices inched up in May (m/m) following an 8 percent decline in 2024Q1. The Australian and South African benchmarks have plummeted more ...
Friday, 26 July 24
FUELEU MARITME IS COMING. IS YOUR CHARTERPARTY READY? - GARD
With less than six months to implementation of FuelEU Maritime in EU and EEA trades, there has been little published advice regarding how to alloca ...
Thursday, 04 July 24
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION RISES 14% IN JUNE - PTI
The country’s coal production rose by 14.49% to 84.63 million tonne (MT) in June. The country’s coal output was 73.92 MT in June last f ...
Tuesday, 02 July 24
NTPC CAPTIVE COAL OUTPUT GROWS 15% IN Q1; DESPATCH RISES 17%
State-owned NTPC on Monday reported a 15 per cent year-on-year increase in the production of coal from captives mines to 9.862 metric million tonne ...
Friday, 28 June 24
KOSPO INVITED BIDS FOR 400,000 MT OF MINIMUM 4000 NCV COAL FOR FIVE YEARS
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO), is inviting bids for total 400,000 MT of Low Calorific Value Coal for 5 years starting from July 2024 until ...
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Showing 6 to 10 news of total 6871 |
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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