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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 09 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS JUMP 27.53% ON WEEK TO 2.97 MILLION MT
COALspot.com - Newcastle Coal exports up 27.53% to 2.97 million tons W-o-W.
Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,974,715 tons of coal for the ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
CAPESIZE: SHOT UP; PANAMAXES: NOT SO LUCK; SUPRAS: SLIGHTLY BETTER; HANDIES: SOFT - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : June 2013 Recap
A renewed Capesize market this month (June 2013) was the cause for much of the overall noteworthy performanc ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
THE 11TH DEEP COAL PROCESSING FORUM 2013
Press Release : The 11th Deep Coal Processing Forum 2013 will be held in November Beijing China.
CDMC Events is pleased to announce that 11 ...
Sunday, 07 July 13
FREIGHT MARKET IS EXPECTED TO BE SOFT TO STABLE NEXT WEEK- VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market softened for the week ended 5 July 2013, and experienced a decline in all sectors, including BDI. Bulk dry Index d ...
Sunday, 07 July 13
COAL PRICES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE
COALspot.com – Coal swaps for the year 2014 indicate that, the pressure on coal prices will continue at least until next year. Ave ...
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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