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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 15 July 13
INDO COAL SWAPS ARE STRUGGLING FOR RIGHT DIRECTION
COALspot.com – Indo coal swaps are struggling to find the right direction. Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 d ...
Friday, 12 July 13
U.S. PRODUCED 18.40 MMST COAL WEEK ENDED 6 JULY 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 18.40 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 11 July 13
PANAMAX: PACIFIC ROUND PAY AROUND $6,500/D; ATLANTIC ROUND VOYAGE PAY AROUND US$ 10,000/D - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Feast market is quiet, July date cargoes remain unfixed as there is a gap between what owners aiming and charterers willing to pay. There ...
Wednesday, 10 July 13
DRY BULK MARKET IS STILL STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : With the first half of the year now behind us and, as expected, most shipping segments in the dry bulk market are struggling to survi ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
COAL PRICE REMAINS SLUGGISH - TRIMEGAH
COALspot.com - Newcastle coal price has reached US$ 76.30/ton (-15.9% YTD), bringing YTD’13 average to stand at US$ 87.90/ton, 6.80% lower tha ...
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- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Australian Coal Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
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