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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 05 July 13
THE DRY BULK MARKET IS GOING FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH - INTERMODAL
The Capesize sector has been one that has gone through a wild rollercoaster of emotions this past decade, ranging from the exuberance witnessed duri ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
CHALLENGER SIGNS FORMAL EXCLUSIVE MINING AND MARKETING AGREEMENT FOR ABBR PROJECT IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
COALspot.com - Challenger Deep Resources Corp., through its subsidiary PT Bestindo Energy has signed the formal exclusive Mining and Marketing agree ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
ASX LISTED QBL TO ACQUIRE INTERESTS IN MOZAMBIQUE COAL EXPLORATION LICENSES
- QBL to acquire interests in two Mozambique exploration licences prospective for coal
- Licenses located in the highly prospective Zambezi basin, ...
Thursday, 04 July 13
HANDY : INDO/CHINA, CHARTERERS RATING AROUND US$ 10,000 - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Feast market firmed slightly up as mid-July cargos entered the market, but charterers seems not in hurry to cover them and looking for ch ...
Wednesday, 03 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS DIP 24.79 PER CENT WOW
COALspot.com - Newcastle Coal exports fell 24.79% to 2.33 million tons WoW.
Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,332,513 tons of coal for the ...
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- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PTC India Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
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