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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 01 July 13
12TH CLEAN COAL FORUM INDONESIA 2013
Press Release: Produced by CDMC Events, The 12th Clean Coal Forum Indonesia 2013 will be held on Dec 5-6,2013 in Jakarta, Indonesia. It will generat ...
Monday, 01 July 13
INDIA AND CHINA STILL DOMINATING THE INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL EXPORT MARKET
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world's largest multi types coal exporter shipped 35.83* million tons of coal in May 2013, 1.40 per cent l ...
Sunday, 30 June 13
YEAR 2014 INDO SUB-BIT COAL SWAPS EXPECTED TO STAY BELOW 2013 LEVEL
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 delivery have gained 0.08 percent on a day lost on week ...
Sunday, 30 June 13
CAPESIZE RATES SEEN INCREASING ON HIGH DEMAND - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The BDI continued to rise and saw a big gain on Friday. BDI increased 14 per cent week ended 28 June 2013, closed at 1171 points driv ...
Friday, 28 June 13
U.S. PRODUCED 1.52 PERCENT LESS COAL WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 19.40 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
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