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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 18 July 13
DRY BULK MARKETS RETAINS RECENT GAINS, MOVES SIDEWAYS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has kept on moving sideways this week, as evidenced by the latest trends of the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI ...
Wednesday, 17 July 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS FELL 3.85% ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,860,149 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 15 July 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. s ...
Wednesday, 17 July 13
TORN BETWEEN A CREDIT CRUNCH AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH - GEORGE DERMATIS
COALspot.com: In 2012 China expanded at a rate of 7.8%, its worst annual performance in 13 years, raising criticism over the newly appointed governm ...
Tuesday, 16 July 13
TAKE - OR - PAY CONTRACTS CONTINUE TO INCENTIVISE AUSTRALIAN COAL PRODUCERS DESPITE POTENTIAL NEGATIVE CASH MARGINS - WOOD MACKENZIE
Australia's coal production has continued to grow, despite lower coal prices in 2013. Global investors and suppliers are therefore questioning whet ...
Monday, 15 July 13
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT HAS REVISED DOWN ITS JULY BENCH-MARK COAL PRICE TO US$ 81.69 PER MT
COALspot. com - Indonesian Coal Price Reference dropped 3.75 % and hitting a 2013 low. The Indonesian government has revised down its owned coal ben ...
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- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PTC India Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
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