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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 13 June 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - SOPHIE COTZIAS
2018 marks quite a few milestones for Greek Shipping. No need to detail again the greatness of Greek Shipping or the singular position that Greek s ...
Monday, 11 June 18
AUSTRALIAN COAL PRICES HIT 6-YEAR HIGH AS ASIA DEMAND SPIKES - REUTERS
Australian thermal coal prices have risen to their highest level since 2012 as hot weather across North Asia spurs buying ahead of the peak summer ...
Monday, 11 June 18
ANALYSING A NEW AGE OF AUTONOMOUS VESSELS - IMO
The International Maritime Organization answers the questions of Government Europa on how the next generation of autonomous vessels can be regulate ...
Friday, 08 June 18
AUSTRALIAN THERMAL COAL PRICES SURGE AS ASIA DEMAND HEATS UP - REUTERS
Australian thermal coal prices have hit their highest level since late 2016 as the market heats up on strong demand across North Asia and China in ...
Wednesday, 06 June 18
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - KATERINA RESTIS
As observed last month the price of oil hit its highest level since November 2014 reaching $80 per barrel. Global oil demand growth for 2018 was sl ...
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Showing 1701 to 1705 news of total 6871 |
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- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Coal Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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