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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 21 June 18
ROBUST ASIAN THERMAL COAL DEMAND CREATES OPPORTUNITIES FOR AUSTRALIA - MINERALS COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA
Minerals Council of Australia reported, Australia’s world-class coal mining industry can create more jobs in Australia and strengthen t ...
Thursday, 21 June 18
CHINESE REDUCED COAL IMPORT RESTRICTIONS - CAIXIN GLOBAL
Caixin Global reported that the Chinese government has reduced restrictions on coal imports at the nation’s major ports in response to concer ...
Thursday, 21 June 18
INDIAN GOVERNMENT ADMITS COAL SHORTAGE, ASKS DISCOMS TO IMPORT - TIMES OF INDIA
Times of India reported that the power ministry has advised all state governments and private power distribution companies to import coal as Coal I ...
Tuesday, 19 June 18
WCA RESPONDS TO BP STATISTICAL REVIEW OF WORLD ENERGY 2018
Responding to BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy 2018, Benjamin Sporton, Chief Executive of the World Coal Association (WCA) said, &ldqu ...
Wednesday, 13 June 18
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO DECLINE BY 2% TO 756 MILLION SHORT TONS MMST IN 2018 - EIA
EIA forecasts U.S. coal production to decline by 2% to 756 million short tons (MMst) in 2018.
According to EIA's Short-Term Ener ...
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Showing 1696 to 1700 news of total 6871 |
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PTC India Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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