We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Thursday, 01 May 14
INDONESIA EXPORT BAN POINTS TO QUESTIONS OVER CHINA'S LONG-TERM BAUXITE SUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
 China’s Bauxite demand forecast to reach 240 million tonnes by 2030
In light of the Indonesian mineral ore ban that came into force on January 12th 2014, Wood Mackenzie says the aluminium industry - particularly in China - faces a challenge to address a growing shortage of the raw material bauxite, an aluminium ore. It poses a compelling question for China - the world’s largest aluminium producer and consumer – with it's alumina refinery production forecast to rise by almost 17 million tonnes (Mt) by 2018 and a further 40Mt by 2030. Wood Mackenzie estimates China will need access to an additional 130Mt of bauxite over 2013 levels and expects China to consume as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030.
Until now Indonesia was the main supplier of bauxite to China, accounting for around 65% of overall supply in 2013. However, the mineral ore export ban that came into force in January this year, created a significant supply gap for China to fill. Wood Mackenzie believes the ban could be transformative to the global bauxite market in the longer term, but in the short to medium term the impact will be less significant due to swollen stockpiles and source diversification. Julian Kettle, Head of Metals and Mining Research for Wood Mackenzie explains: "China is the main global player in the aluminium market representing between 40% of supply and 60% of demand. Our most recent forecasts indicate that global alumina refinery production will rise to almost 140Mt by 2018, which means we'll see bauxite demand rise by almost 80Mt to 350Mt. With China's alumina demand set to increase so sharply, there will be huge implications for bauxite demand. We estimate China will need access to as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030 and as it only produced 72Mt domestically in 2013, huge uncertainty remains over the import versus domestic supply mix."
So where will China now source its bauxite from? Undoubtedly if Indonesia sticks to the ban in the longer term, China will have to look to alternative import sources or develop new mines domestically. However Wood Mackenzie suggests that China has in fact been making moves to diversify supply for some time in preparation for the ban. Carl Firman, Aluminium Analyst for Wood Mackenzie says: "In recent years we've seen China sourcing additional quantities of bauxite from a variety of other countries, most notably Australia and India - and while the alternative sources are not supplying huge volumes to China currently, in time they could do."
Wood Mackenzie believes that China has been actively increasing imports of bauxite since the mineral ore ban was first mooted in 2009. "This is a strategic move by China to ensure it can firstly meet the direct needs of the coastal aluminium refineries it's built up over the years, but secondly in preparation for the ban coming into force. We estimate that China has accumulated more than a year’s worth of bauxite supply. This works out at about 40Mt, or four-fifths of the entire volume of bauxite exported by Indonesia in 2013," Mr Firman adds.
Mr Kettle asserts: "Ultimately China's vast bauxite stock piles mean that in the short-term at least, there won't be any immediate impact on metal production. This strategic effort on China's part has ensured the breathing space required to either develop new bauxite mines domestically, or establish new sources of supply through imports."
Wood Mackenzie suggests one viable option that China is exploring is the utilisation of coal fly ash. "By investing in the development of new technology to extract alumina from the by-product (which occurs when burning coal for power generation) China could significantly reduce its bauxite requirement, but then again if it doesn't produce enough, it will still have to explore other options," Mr Kettle adds.
There are plenty of opportunities to develop bauxite production domestically and elsewhere in the world, and Wood Mackenzie suggests that three major basins in Guinea, Australia and Vietnam could more than meet China’s needs, but there are significant challenges to be overcome. Mr Firman cautions: "Is China going to put all of its eggs in three baskets – its history of diversifying supply would suggest otherwise."
"China does have options, but they come at a price. Developing new bauxite sources in other parts of the world will require significant investment as host governments don't just want mines - they want added value in the form of refineries and smelters. There are also the high cost hurdles of resource nationalisation, surrounding politics and developing infrastructure that China will have to negotiate in order to establish new trade routes. The big question is, will China look to these alternative sources and significantly increase imports or will it develop its own domestic resources to meet its insatiable demand? One thing that is for sure is that there are lots of opportunities for host governments open for China's business." Mr Firman offers in closing.
Editor’s notes:
Wood Mackenzie is a global leader in commercial intelligence for the energy, metals and mining industries. We provide objective analysis and advice on assets, companies and markets, giving clients the insights they need to make better strategic decisions. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 02 February 24
DRY BULK MARKET: THE DOWNWARD REVISION IN THE GROWTH OF CAPESIZE TONNE DAYS IN JANUARY WITH THE BCI DROPPING - MARIA BERTZELETOU
In the last week of January, the dry freight market sustained weakness in the Capesize segment, while the number of ballasters in the Southeast (SE ...
Friday, 02 February 24
COAL INDIA ACHIEVES NEARLY 80% OF ITS FY24 PRODUCTION TARGET IN TEN MONTHS - CNBCTV18
For the month of January, the company’s production grew by 9.1% from the same period last year to 78.4 Million Tonnes (MT), from 71.9 MT last ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
CHINA'S WIND, SOLAR CAPACITY TO OVERTAKE COAL IN 2024 - INDUSTRY BODY, REUTERS REPORTED
China’s installed wind and solar capacity is expected to overtake coal for the first time this year, according to industry forecasts.
&nb ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
ANTI-DEDUCTION CLAUSES: CAN A CHARTERER WITHHOLD HIRE WITHOUT AN OWNER'S CONSENT? - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Summary
In The Anna Dorothea, the Court found that where a charterparty provides that no deduction from hire may be m ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
INDIA REBUILDS COAL STOCKS TO ENSURE ELECTRIC RELIABILITY - REUTERS
India’s electricity supply is much more comfortable at the start of 2024 than in either 2023 or 2022 as coal production has ramped up and the ...
|
|
|
Showing 41 to 45 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
