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Thursday, 01 May 14
INDONESIA EXPORT BAN POINTS TO QUESTIONS OVER CHINA'S LONG-TERM BAUXITE SUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
 China’s Bauxite demand forecast to reach 240 million tonnes by 2030
In light of the Indonesian mineral ore ban that came into force on January 12th 2014, Wood Mackenzie says the aluminium industry - particularly in China - faces a challenge to address a growing shortage of the raw material bauxite, an aluminium ore. It poses a compelling question for China - the world’s largest aluminium producer and consumer – with it's alumina refinery production forecast to rise by almost 17 million tonnes (Mt) by 2018 and a further 40Mt by 2030. Wood Mackenzie estimates China will need access to an additional 130Mt of bauxite over 2013 levels and expects China to consume as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030.
Until now Indonesia was the main supplier of bauxite to China, accounting for around 65% of overall supply in 2013. However, the mineral ore export ban that came into force in January this year, created a significant supply gap for China to fill. Wood Mackenzie believes the ban could be transformative to the global bauxite market in the longer term, but in the short to medium term the impact will be less significant due to swollen stockpiles and source diversification. Julian Kettle, Head of Metals and Mining Research for Wood Mackenzie explains: "China is the main global player in the aluminium market representing between 40% of supply and 60% of demand. Our most recent forecasts indicate that global alumina refinery production will rise to almost 140Mt by 2018, which means we'll see bauxite demand rise by almost 80Mt to 350Mt. With China's alumina demand set to increase so sharply, there will be huge implications for bauxite demand. We estimate China will need access to as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030 and as it only produced 72Mt domestically in 2013, huge uncertainty remains over the import versus domestic supply mix."
So where will China now source its bauxite from? Undoubtedly if Indonesia sticks to the ban in the longer term, China will have to look to alternative import sources or develop new mines domestically. However Wood Mackenzie suggests that China has in fact been making moves to diversify supply for some time in preparation for the ban. Carl Firman, Aluminium Analyst for Wood Mackenzie says: "In recent years we've seen China sourcing additional quantities of bauxite from a variety of other countries, most notably Australia and India - and while the alternative sources are not supplying huge volumes to China currently, in time they could do."
Wood Mackenzie believes that China has been actively increasing imports of bauxite since the mineral ore ban was first mooted in 2009. "This is a strategic move by China to ensure it can firstly meet the direct needs of the coastal aluminium refineries it's built up over the years, but secondly in preparation for the ban coming into force. We estimate that China has accumulated more than a year’s worth of bauxite supply. This works out at about 40Mt, or four-fifths of the entire volume of bauxite exported by Indonesia in 2013," Mr Firman adds.
Mr Kettle asserts: "Ultimately China's vast bauxite stock piles mean that in the short-term at least, there won't be any immediate impact on metal production. This strategic effort on China's part has ensured the breathing space required to either develop new bauxite mines domestically, or establish new sources of supply through imports."
Wood Mackenzie suggests one viable option that China is exploring is the utilisation of coal fly ash. "By investing in the development of new technology to extract alumina from the by-product (which occurs when burning coal for power generation) China could significantly reduce its bauxite requirement, but then again if it doesn't produce enough, it will still have to explore other options," Mr Kettle adds.
There are plenty of opportunities to develop bauxite production domestically and elsewhere in the world, and Wood Mackenzie suggests that three major basins in Guinea, Australia and Vietnam could more than meet China’s needs, but there are significant challenges to be overcome. Mr Firman cautions: "Is China going to put all of its eggs in three baskets – its history of diversifying supply would suggest otherwise."
"China does have options, but they come at a price. Developing new bauxite sources in other parts of the world will require significant investment as host governments don't just want mines - they want added value in the form of refineries and smelters. There are also the high cost hurdles of resource nationalisation, surrounding politics and developing infrastructure that China will have to negotiate in order to establish new trade routes. The big question is, will China look to these alternative sources and significantly increase imports or will it develop its own domestic resources to meet its insatiable demand? One thing that is for sure is that there are lots of opportunities for host governments open for China's business." Mr Firman offers in closing.
Editor’s notes:
Wood Mackenzie is a global leader in commercial intelligence for the energy, metals and mining industries. We provide objective analysis and advice on assets, companies and markets, giving clients the insights they need to make better strategic decisions. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Tuesday, 13 February 24
WHAT IS THE OUTLOOK FOR THE NATURAL GAS SPOT PRICE IN 2024 AND 2025? EIA
We expect the U.S. benchmark Henry Hub natural gas spot price to average higher in 2024 and 2025 than in 2023, but to remain lower than $3.00 per m ...
Monday, 12 February 24
US THERMAL COAL EXPORTS HIT 5-YEAR HIGHS AND TOP $5 BLN IN 2023 - REUTERS
United States exporters of thermal coal earned more than $5 billion in 2023 as they shipped out more than 32.5 million metric tons of the high-poll ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
NEW E-FUELS PROJECT TO MAKE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CLIMATE-NEUTRAL - RINA
Transport and trade on the ocean blue must be made much greener. This is the goal of the new €17 million European GAMMA project, where compani ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
INDIA SEES ANNUAL COAL OUTPUT UP 10.9% IN 2024/25 - REUTERS
India expects domestic coal output to increase by 10.9% to 1.13 billion metric tons in the fiscal year ending March 2025, a senior government offic ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION INCREASES BY 10.3% TO 99.73 MILLION TONNE IN JANUARY - PTI
The country’s coal output rose 10.3 per cent to 99.73 Million Tonne (MT) in January, over the same month in the previous fiscal.
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Showing 36 to 40 news of total 6871 |
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- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Planning Commission, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- White Energy Company Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
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