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Thursday, 01 May 14
INDONESIA EXPORT BAN POINTS TO QUESTIONS OVER CHINA'S LONG-TERM BAUXITE SUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
 China’s Bauxite demand forecast to reach 240 million tonnes by 2030
In light of the Indonesian mineral ore ban that came into force on January 12th 2014, Wood Mackenzie says the aluminium industry - particularly in China - faces a challenge to address a growing shortage of the raw material bauxite, an aluminium ore. It poses a compelling question for China - the world’s largest aluminium producer and consumer – with it's alumina refinery production forecast to rise by almost 17 million tonnes (Mt) by 2018 and a further 40Mt by 2030. Wood Mackenzie estimates China will need access to an additional 130Mt of bauxite over 2013 levels and expects China to consume as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030.
Until now Indonesia was the main supplier of bauxite to China, accounting for around 65% of overall supply in 2013. However, the mineral ore export ban that came into force in January this year, created a significant supply gap for China to fill. Wood Mackenzie believes the ban could be transformative to the global bauxite market in the longer term, but in the short to medium term the impact will be less significant due to swollen stockpiles and source diversification. Julian Kettle, Head of Metals and Mining Research for Wood Mackenzie explains: "China is the main global player in the aluminium market representing between 40% of supply and 60% of demand. Our most recent forecasts indicate that global alumina refinery production will rise to almost 140Mt by 2018, which means we'll see bauxite demand rise by almost 80Mt to 350Mt. With China's alumina demand set to increase so sharply, there will be huge implications for bauxite demand. We estimate China will need access to as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030 and as it only produced 72Mt domestically in 2013, huge uncertainty remains over the import versus domestic supply mix."
So where will China now source its bauxite from? Undoubtedly if Indonesia sticks to the ban in the longer term, China will have to look to alternative import sources or develop new mines domestically. However Wood Mackenzie suggests that China has in fact been making moves to diversify supply for some time in preparation for the ban. Carl Firman, Aluminium Analyst for Wood Mackenzie says: "In recent years we've seen China sourcing additional quantities of bauxite from a variety of other countries, most notably Australia and India - and while the alternative sources are not supplying huge volumes to China currently, in time they could do."
Wood Mackenzie believes that China has been actively increasing imports of bauxite since the mineral ore ban was first mooted in 2009. "This is a strategic move by China to ensure it can firstly meet the direct needs of the coastal aluminium refineries it's built up over the years, but secondly in preparation for the ban coming into force. We estimate that China has accumulated more than a year’s worth of bauxite supply. This works out at about 40Mt, or four-fifths of the entire volume of bauxite exported by Indonesia in 2013," Mr Firman adds.
Mr Kettle asserts: "Ultimately China's vast bauxite stock piles mean that in the short-term at least, there won't be any immediate impact on metal production. This strategic effort on China's part has ensured the breathing space required to either develop new bauxite mines domestically, or establish new sources of supply through imports."
Wood Mackenzie suggests one viable option that China is exploring is the utilisation of coal fly ash. "By investing in the development of new technology to extract alumina from the by-product (which occurs when burning coal for power generation) China could significantly reduce its bauxite requirement, but then again if it doesn't produce enough, it will still have to explore other options," Mr Kettle adds.
There are plenty of opportunities to develop bauxite production domestically and elsewhere in the world, and Wood Mackenzie suggests that three major basins in Guinea, Australia and Vietnam could more than meet China’s needs, but there are significant challenges to be overcome. Mr Firman cautions: "Is China going to put all of its eggs in three baskets – its history of diversifying supply would suggest otherwise."
"China does have options, but they come at a price. Developing new bauxite sources in other parts of the world will require significant investment as host governments don't just want mines - they want added value in the form of refineries and smelters. There are also the high cost hurdles of resource nationalisation, surrounding politics and developing infrastructure that China will have to negotiate in order to establish new trade routes. The big question is, will China look to these alternative sources and significantly increase imports or will it develop its own domestic resources to meet its insatiable demand? One thing that is for sure is that there are lots of opportunities for host governments open for China's business." Mr Firman offers in closing.
Editor’s notes:
Wood Mackenzie is a global leader in commercial intelligence for the energy, metals and mining industries. We provide objective analysis and advice on assets, companies and markets, giving clients the insights they need to make better strategic decisions. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Friday, 02 May 14
US WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION RELATIVELY FLAT AT -0.1%, SAYS EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.0 million short tons (mmst) of coal i ...
Friday, 02 May 14
DRY BULK MARKET SHOWING SIGNS OF COMEBACK - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market which has been hovering below the 1,000-point market (BDI) during the past couple of weeks, could be exhibiting signs of a s ...
Thursday, 01 May 14
DRY BULK MARKET STILL REELING UNDER PRESSURE FROM VARIOUS FACTORS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market's revival is still overdue, as the industry's benchmark, the BDI is still lagging below the 1,000-point mark. In fac ...
Wednesday, 30 April 14
FREIGHT MARKET FOR DRY BULKERS STILL REMAINS WEAK - INTERMODAL
One week after the Easter holiday and the celebration for the resurrection of Christ, everybody expected to see a similar sign of a revival in t ...
Tuesday, 29 April 14
Q4 SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP CLOSED US$ 1.07 HIGHER COMPARED TO Q2 DELIVERY PRICE
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q2’ 2014 gain on month and on week according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap's reports rele ...
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Showing 3726 to 3730 news of total 6871 |
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The University of Queensland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
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