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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Tuesday, 22 October 13
KOWEPO INVITED BIDS FOR MULTI GRADE COAL
COALspot.com - Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO), a Korean electricity generator intends to procure 240,000 tons of multi grade coal for its Ta ...
Monday, 21 October 13
SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FOR 2014 DELIVERIES SHOW A POSITIVE TREND
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q4 2013 delivery fell 0.02 percept M-M on Friday 18 October 2013. The CFR South China Co ...
Sunday, 20 October 13
Q3'14 SUB-BIT INDO COAL SWAP CLOSED AT $ 61.80 PMT W/E 18 OCT' 13
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery fell 0.93 percept month on month on Friday 18 October 201 ...
Saturday, 19 October 13
NICKEL ORE SHIPMENTS KEEP SUPRAMAX CHARTER RATES STEADY - CAPT. REDDY
COALspot.com : The futures freight market continued to go down which was reflected in the physical markets as well.
The BDI continued to be soft ...
Friday, 18 October 13
WOOD MACKENZIE FORECASTS CHINA WILL OUTWEIGH THE REST OF THE WORLD FOR BASE METALS DEMAND BY 2017
China set to account for 52% of 117mt base metals market by 2017
China is on track to exceed rest of the World demand by 2017, becoming the singl ...
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Planning Commission, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
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