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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Friday, 18 October 13
DRY BULK MARKET ON "PAUSE" MODE - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has been on "pause" mode over the past week, after China's return from the week long holidays. The industry's benchm ...
Friday, 18 October 13
US PRODUCED 6.7% MORE COAL W-W
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer produced approximately 18.9 million short tons (mmst) of coal in a ...
Thursday, 17 October 13
CAPESIZE: RATES ARE AGAIN MOVING UPWARDS - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
Activities were obviously slowed down in the Pacific basin. There were only few coal movements which fixed around USD 15-16k for ships in Sin ...
Thursday, 17 October 13
SGX TO LAUNCH "SGX THERMAL COAL FUTURES" NEXT MONDAY
COALspot.com: SGX is to launch two thermal coal futures contracts, SGX API 8 CFR China Coal Index Futures and SGX IHS McCloskey Indonesian Sub-bit F ...
Thursday, 17 October 13
CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS DOWN 9.4% TO 25.96 MMT IN AUGUST
COALspot.com: China's August Imported coal volumes down 9.4% m-m but up 27% y-y, BNP said in its latest China Coal & Power report released on 1 ...
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- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Planning Commission, India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Coal Association
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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