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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 16 October 13
NEW STRATEGIES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN A RAPIDLY EVOLVING COAL INDUSTRY
The 12th Annual Coal Markets assumes even more significance as the industry seeks more market information, inputs on trade strategies, supply and de ...
Wednesday, 16 October 13
CAPES: RATES DROPPED; PANAMAX: ADVANCED - INTERMODAL
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Wednesday, 16 October 13
WILL THIS LATEST DRY BULK MARKET UPTREND PROVE TO BE AS LONG-LIVED OR JUST ANOTHER MOMENTARY SPIKE? - CHRISTOS MANZTIOS
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Wednesday, 16 October 13
KOSEP TO IMPORT 0.49 MILLION TONS OF 4600 NAR COAL FOR JAN - FEB '14
COALspot.com - Korea South-East Power Co., a Korean generator and distributor of electricity on behalf of five Korean Gencos intends to procure 490, ...
Tuesday, 15 October 13
CHINA COAL IMPORTS TO KEEP GROWING IN THE YEARS TO COME, ALBEIT AT A SLOWER RATE - EVA TZIMA / NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
In its latest monthly report, shipbroker Intermodal highlighted the growing role of coal in the energy mix. According to Intermodal's research anal ...
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- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
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