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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Monday, 28 October 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL FOR Q3'14 DELIVERY LOST ON D-D,W-W & M-M
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q4 2013 delivery fell 0.22 percept M-M on Friday 25 October 2013. The CFR South China Co ...
Monday, 28 October 13
COAL SWAP FOR Q3' 2014 DELIVERY LOST ON D-D, W-W AND M-M
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery gained 0.46 percept month on month on Friday 25 October 2 ...
Saturday, 26 October 13
PANAMAX CHARTER RATES FROM INDONESIA TO INDIA STAY FIRM - SOLYM
COALspot.com: The freight market showed tendency of softness with Cape and Panamax futures and physical soft.
The BDI was down by 12 pct week end ...
Saturday, 26 October 13
DRY BULK MARKET KEEPS ON RETREATING, BUT NEW BUILDING ORDERS KEEP ON PILING - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market kept on retreating this week, with the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) falling to 1,708 points, down 78 on the ...
Friday, 25 October 13
U.S. YEAR-TO-DATE COAL PRODUCTION REACHED TOTALLED 803.1 MMST
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer produced approximately 19.10 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
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- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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