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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Thursday, 31 October 13
HANDY: ACTIVE; PANAMAX: QUIET; CAPESIZE: NO LIGHT
Handy
The handy market had an active week however not directly translated into the rates we´ve seen in the Pacific. We see more coal and baux ...
Wednesday, 30 October 13
INDONESIAN STATE OWNED COAL MINER HAS EXPORTED 7.02 MILLION TONS OF COAL IN 9 MONTHS
COALspot.com : PT. Bukit Asam, Indonesian state owned coal miner has sold 13.24 million tons of coal for the period January - September 2013. Accord ...
Wednesday, 30 October 13
DRY BULK MARKET HAS LOST FURTHER GROUND THIS PAST WEEK - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Stable-)
The Dry Bulk market has lost further ground this past week, as de-creased activity in both basins for both C ...
Wednesday, 30 October 13
CAPESIZE: DOWNWARD; SUPRAS AND HANDIES: STABLE - INTERMODAL
The Dry Bulk market has resumed its downward movement, noting another dip for a third week in a row. The larger size segments were responsible for p ...
Tuesday, 29 October 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 12.29 PER CENT MORE COAL W-W
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 12.29 per cent week on week to 3.61 million mt for ...
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- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- The University of Queensland
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
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