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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Monday, 07 December 09
CHINA COKING COAL PRICE MAY RISE 14% ON DEFICIT, CITIGROUP SAYS
Coking coal prices in China, the world’s biggest steel producer, may rise 14 percent next year because of a supply deficit, Citigroup Inc. sai ...
Monday, 07 December 09
JSW STEEL TO SELL MOZAMBIQUE COAL MINE FOR RS 300 CRORE
JSW Steel may sell its coal mine in Mozambique to sister company JSW Energy as the mine has become commercially unviable for the steel producer, a t ...
Monday, 07 December 09
BLACK RIDGE MINING ENTERS AGREEMENT WITH INDONESIAN COAL PRODUCER
Australian-listed Black Ridge Mining has entered into an exclusive dealing and non-circumvention agreement with Indonesian coal producer PT. Inmas A ...
Sunday, 06 December 09
THE ECI / CHINA (S7) ROUTE SOFTENED AND WAS AT US$ 25,275 PER DAY - VISTAAR
COALspot.com (Singapore): "The market was bit soft in the beginning of the week, however towards mid week that market started to pick up and th ...
Sunday, 06 December 09
NEW MANGALORE PORT GETS UPCL'S FIRST COAL PARCEL FROM INDONESIA
The Lanco Group-promoted Udupi Power Corporation Ltd (UPCL) has received the first parcel of imported coal from Indonesia at the New Mangalore Port. ...
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Australian Coal Association
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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