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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Friday, 04 December 09
CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS PREDICTED TO DECLINE IN 2010
China's eye-catching coal import figure s are unlikely to extend into 2010 given the predicted narrow-down of the coal price spread between the hom ...
Friday, 04 December 09
SUBHASH PROJECTS BEGINS MINING AT INDONESIAN COAL BLOCK
Kolkata-based infrastructure company Subhash Projects and Marketing (SPML) has begun mining at its coal block in Indonesia and will begin despatchin ...
Friday, 04 December 09
DRY BULK MARKET IS ON THE RISE AGAIN
Proving rather resilient, compared to previous behaviors, the dry bulk market has been on a rebound mode once again, after a two-week fall, which su ...
Friday, 04 December 09
INDONESIA'S BUMI EYES MARKETING DEAL FOR BERAU COAL
Reuters reported that, Indonesian coal miner PT Bumi Resources Tbk said on Thursday it is in talks to be the exclusive marketing agent for coal prod ...
Friday, 04 December 09
KALIMANTAN GOLD AGREES TO SELL IBP COAL CONCESSION
COALspot.com ( Press Release): Kalimantan Gold Corporation Limited ("KLG" or the "Company"), which undertook drilling and had an ...
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
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- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
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- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
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- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Coal Association
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PTC India Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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