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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Friday, 04 December 09
CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS PREDICTED TO DECLINE IN 2010
China's eye-catching coal import figure s are unlikely to extend into 2010 given the predicted narrow-down of the coal price spread between the hom ...
Friday, 04 December 09
SUBHASH PROJECTS BEGINS MINING AT INDONESIAN COAL BLOCK
Kolkata-based infrastructure company Subhash Projects and Marketing (SPML) has begun mining at its coal block in Indonesia and will begin despatchin ...
Friday, 04 December 09
DRY BULK MARKET IS ON THE RISE AGAIN
Proving rather resilient, compared to previous behaviors, the dry bulk market has been on a rebound mode once again, after a two-week fall, which su ...
Friday, 04 December 09
INDONESIA'S BUMI EYES MARKETING DEAL FOR BERAU COAL
Reuters reported that, Indonesian coal miner PT Bumi Resources Tbk said on Thursday it is in talks to be the exclusive marketing agent for coal prod ...
Friday, 04 December 09
KALIMANTAN GOLD AGREES TO SELL IBP COAL CONCESSION
COALspot.com ( Press Release): Kalimantan Gold Corporation Limited ("KLG" or the "Company"), which undertook drilling and had an ...
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- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
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