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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Wednesday, 09 December 09
INDONESIA'S RECAPITAL TO PAY $1.48 BLN FOR BERAU
Recapital Advisors, an Indonesian investment firm, will pay $1.48 billion in cash and notes to buy coal miner PT Berau Coal, $300 million of which i ...
Wednesday, 09 December 09
COAL INDIA YET TO IMPLEMENT IMPORT LINKED PRICES
Coal India Ltd is adopting a conservative approach in pricing despite being allowed to charge import-linked price for the country's minuscule reser ...
Wednesday, 09 December 09
INDIA NEEDS TO IMPORT 29 MILLION TONNE STEAM COAL IN 2009 - 10
Mr Sriprakash Jaiswal Indian minister of state (Independent Charge) for coal informed the Rajya Sabha that Central Electricity Authority has estimat ...
Tuesday, 08 December 09
VOLATILE COAL PRICES SPUR ASIAN HEDGING
Volatile coal prices are forcing staid Asian power firms to change the way they buy fuel, setting the scene for a hedging boom as a growing array of ...
Tuesday, 08 December 09
MEC TO SHIP 2M T INDONESIA COAL TO INDIA IN 2010 - REUTER'S INTERVIEW
The UAE's Middle East Coal plans to start operation of coal mines in Indonesia's East Kalimantan province next year with initial production of 2 m ...
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The University of Queensland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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