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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Saturday, 12 December 09
QUEENSLAND APPROVES A$4 BILLION COAL TERMINAL PROJECT
Queensland’s state government said it has signed a mandate approving development of the A$4 billion ($3.7 billion) Wiggins Island coal termina ...
Saturday, 12 December 09
INDONESIA'S COAL RUSH - SOOTY SUCCESS
Rising demand from China and India is stoking Indonesia’s exports of coal
FOR power stations on the coast of China, it is often cheaper to ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
ENVIROCOAL REGISTERED IN 33 COUNTRIES
PT Adaro concerned to register the brand overseas
PT Adaro Energy Tbk has registered the Envirocoal trademark for its coal products in 33 countri ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDIA TO IMPORT 28 MILLION TONNE OF STEAM COAL
Faced with short supply of coal from domestic sources, the Indian power ministry has revised upwards its coal import target for the current fiscal t ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDONESIA'S NEW MINING LAW WILL NOT LIMIT COAL EXPORTS, SAYS GOVERNMENT
The government will allow coal producers to continue exporting even if they miss domestic sales requirements, a senior mining official said, marking ...
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- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The University of Queensland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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