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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Saturday, 12 December 09
QUEENSLAND APPROVES A$4 BILLION COAL TERMINAL PROJECT
Queensland’s state government said it has signed a mandate approving development of the A$4 billion ($3.7 billion) Wiggins Island coal termina ...
Saturday, 12 December 09
INDONESIA'S COAL RUSH - SOOTY SUCCESS
Rising demand from China and India is stoking Indonesia’s exports of coal
FOR power stations on the coast of China, it is often cheaper to ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
ENVIROCOAL REGISTERED IN 33 COUNTRIES
PT Adaro concerned to register the brand overseas
PT Adaro Energy Tbk has registered the Envirocoal trademark for its coal products in 33 countri ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDIA TO IMPORT 28 MILLION TONNE OF STEAM COAL
Faced with short supply of coal from domestic sources, the Indian power ministry has revised upwards its coal import target for the current fiscal t ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDONESIA'S NEW MINING LAW WILL NOT LIMIT COAL EXPORTS, SAYS GOVERNMENT
The government will allow coal producers to continue exporting even if they miss domestic sales requirements, a senior mining official said, marking ...
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- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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