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Monday, 24 February 20
COULD SOME VLSFO FUELS BE BANNED? - GIBSON
 The run up to the implementation of the new IMO rules on marine fuels from1st January 2020 had owners and charterers analysing the various fuelling options said Gibson Ship Brokers in its latest weekly report.
The report further noted that, from late-November there were some delays in receiving the correct bunkers, but overall, considering the scale of what was to be done within the shipping world, the switch seems to have gone smoothly. As with all things that are new, there needs to be some time to bed in and to acclimatize to new rules and regulations. But overall, bunker suppliers have been able to supply on-spec fuels. However, the switch over seems to have brought with it a new and somewhat ominous complication, that of the potential for some blended low sulphur fuels to produce more black carbon than the fuels they replaced. Black carbon emissions are a short-lived pollutant that absorbs sunlight and traps heat in the atmosphere. While it stays in the atmosphere for only a few days or weeks, its impact is that it traps 3200-times more heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, measured over a 20-year period. When black carbon settles in the Arctic, it reduces the reflectiveness of the snow and ice and generates heat, which accelerates melting. This makes the Arctic – which according to reports is already warming twice as fast as the rest of the world-particularly sensitive to these emissions.
Gibson Ship Broker’s research team further said, black carbon is material produced and emitted as a solid particulate matter from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. HFO typically contains approximately 60% aromatics, which contain a higher proportion of carbon than other hydrocarbon types and they have a tendency to smoke when burnt. The recent media interest in the performance of the new VLSFO fuels has pointed out that these fuels are responsible for increased levels of black carbon pollution due to their higher aromatic content. However, whilst it is possible that certain VLSFOs may have elevated aromatic content, it is expected that for VLSFO fuels produced by blending, these will have lower aromatic content than a typical HFO due to the major blended component (distillate) having typically half the aromatic content. Therefore, it is difficult to reason that all VLSFOs, especially those produced from various blends, produce more black carbon due to their aromatic content. However, there is also the added complication that emissions of black carbon are also related to the engine type and its operating load. Slow speed two-stroke engines, used in larger ocean going vessels are considered to have lower black carbon emission factors than higher speed four stroke engines. For larger engines, increasing engine load reduces black carbon emissions, whereas for smaller engines the reverse is true. Vessels that have scrubbers installed provide an approximate 30% reduction in black carbon emissions.
According to Gibson, a study conducted by Finland and Germany and submitted to the IMO found the new VLSFO used by ships contained high levels of aromatic compounds, causing a surge in black carbon emissions. The group have submitted a new proposal to the sub-committee on pollution and prevention response that will meet in late-February in London. They are demanding a prohibition of VLSFO blends that lead to increases in black carbon emissions. They want the IMO to encourage relevant stakeholders to observe a voluntary prohibition on the use of any marine fuel whose aromatic content is likely to lead to black carbon emissions greater than those commonly associated with distillate fuels until a ban comes into effect. The move to lower emission fuels is considered a positive direction within the shipping sector. However, there still seems to be much to be learned with how these fuels are produced and their potential impact on the environment.
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Tuesday, 18 February 20
CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUR CONTRACT - CAN YOU RELY ON 'FORCE MAJEURE'? - INCE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (officially t ...
Monday, 17 February 20
IMO-2020 SULPHUR CAP - ISSUES TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CARRIAGE BAN ON 1 MARCH 2020 - STANDARD CLUB
With the IMO 2020 global sulphur cap now in force, members should bear in mind another significant date in relation to the ‘carriage ban&rsqu ...
Monday, 17 February 20
COVID-19: THE EFFECT OF THIS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY ON CHARTERPARTY TERMS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Is it useful to compare the COVID-19 with earlier disease outbreaks?
A comparison with the Ebola outbreak ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - REUTERS
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHEN ZHIDA: NOVEL CORONAVIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARTERPARTIES - SHIPOWNERS' CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Last month, the Club issued a bulletin on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) which explained the origin of the virus a ...
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- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
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