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Monday, 24 February 20
COULD SOME VLSFO FUELS BE BANNED? - GIBSON
 The run up to the implementation of the new IMO rules on marine fuels from1st January 2020 had owners and charterers analysing the various fuelling options said Gibson Ship Brokers in its latest weekly report.
The report further noted that, from late-November there were some delays in receiving the correct bunkers, but overall, considering the scale of what was to be done within the shipping world, the switch seems to have gone smoothly. As with all things that are new, there needs to be some time to bed in and to acclimatize to new rules and regulations. But overall, bunker suppliers have been able to supply on-spec fuels. However, the switch over seems to have brought with it a new and somewhat ominous complication, that of the potential for some blended low sulphur fuels to produce more black carbon than the fuels they replaced. Black carbon emissions are a short-lived pollutant that absorbs sunlight and traps heat in the atmosphere. While it stays in the atmosphere for only a few days or weeks, its impact is that it traps 3200-times more heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, measured over a 20-year period. When black carbon settles in the Arctic, it reduces the reflectiveness of the snow and ice and generates heat, which accelerates melting. This makes the Arctic – which according to reports is already warming twice as fast as the rest of the world-particularly sensitive to these emissions.
Gibson Ship Broker’s research team further said, black carbon is material produced and emitted as a solid particulate matter from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. HFO typically contains approximately 60% aromatics, which contain a higher proportion of carbon than other hydrocarbon types and they have a tendency to smoke when burnt. The recent media interest in the performance of the new VLSFO fuels has pointed out that these fuels are responsible for increased levels of black carbon pollution due to their higher aromatic content. However, whilst it is possible that certain VLSFOs may have elevated aromatic content, it is expected that for VLSFO fuels produced by blending, these will have lower aromatic content than a typical HFO due to the major blended component (distillate) having typically half the aromatic content. Therefore, it is difficult to reason that all VLSFOs, especially those produced from various blends, produce more black carbon due to their aromatic content. However, there is also the added complication that emissions of black carbon are also related to the engine type and its operating load. Slow speed two-stroke engines, used in larger ocean going vessels are considered to have lower black carbon emission factors than higher speed four stroke engines. For larger engines, increasing engine load reduces black carbon emissions, whereas for smaller engines the reverse is true. Vessels that have scrubbers installed provide an approximate 30% reduction in black carbon emissions.
According to Gibson, a study conducted by Finland and Germany and submitted to the IMO found the new VLSFO used by ships contained high levels of aromatic compounds, causing a surge in black carbon emissions. The group have submitted a new proposal to the sub-committee on pollution and prevention response that will meet in late-February in London. They are demanding a prohibition of VLSFO blends that lead to increases in black carbon emissions. They want the IMO to encourage relevant stakeholders to observe a voluntary prohibition on the use of any marine fuel whose aromatic content is likely to lead to black carbon emissions greater than those commonly associated with distillate fuels until a ban comes into effect. The move to lower emission fuels is considered a positive direction within the shipping sector. However, there still seems to be much to be learned with how these fuels are produced and their potential impact on the environment.
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Tuesday, 18 February 20
CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUR CONTRACT - CAN YOU RELY ON 'FORCE MAJEURE'? - INCE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (officially t ...
Monday, 17 February 20
IMO-2020 SULPHUR CAP - ISSUES TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CARRIAGE BAN ON 1 MARCH 2020 - STANDARD CLUB
With the IMO 2020 global sulphur cap now in force, members should bear in mind another significant date in relation to the ‘carriage ban&rsqu ...
Monday, 17 February 20
COVID-19: THE EFFECT OF THIS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY ON CHARTERPARTY TERMS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Is it useful to compare the COVID-19 with earlier disease outbreaks?
A comparison with the Ebola outbreak ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - REUTERS
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHEN ZHIDA: NOVEL CORONAVIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARTERPARTIES - SHIPOWNERS' CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Last month, the Club issued a bulletin on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) which explained the origin of the virus a ...
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- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Planning Commission, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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