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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 25 May 16
DRY BULK SNP MARKET DISPLAYS SIGNS OF STRENGTH - GEORGE ILIOPOULOS
Only a couple of weeks away from the world’s most prominent maritime event, the market for tankers displays an evident lack of confidence in ...
Tuesday, 24 May 16
WEEKLY CS COAL INDICES NEGATIVE FOR ALL TYPES OF COAL EXCEPT 3800 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was down 0.10 percent week over week to averaging $38.90 per ton this past week, sho ...
Monday, 23 May 16
A PERFECT STORM FOR INDONESIAN STEAM COAL EXPORTS - CLARKSON RESEARCH
Indonesia is the world’s leading steam coal exporter, accounting for over 40% of global seaborne steam coal exports since 2010. However in 20 ...
Monday, 23 May 16
THE PANAMAX INDEX WAS UP 17 POINTS W/W
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this week.
The freight market was firm and all ...
Friday, 20 May 16
SHIPBUILDING CONTRACTS: CAN I CANCEL? SHOULD I CANCEL? - THE SHIPOWNER CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
There are many circumstances in which a buyer of a new-build vessel might want to terminate or cancel their contract with ...
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- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Planning Commission, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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