We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 30 May 16
BCI ENDING AT 830 POINTS, DOWN 4.6 PER CENT W/W
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities decline this week. The freight market was weak this past ...
Friday, 27 May 16
PET-COKE IMPORTS TO FACE PRESSURE IN INDIA
COALspot.com: An Indian environmental activist moved the National Green Tribunal seeking ban on the use of all forms of petroleum coke, also called ...
Friday, 27 May 16
US COAL PRODUCTION ROSE 2.9% WOW, ACCORDING TO EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.7 million short tons (mm ...
Thursday, 26 May 16
GIANT ORE CARRIERS SET TO PLAY A BIGGER ROLE IN THE GLOBAL SHIPPING FLEET: CHINA EMBRACES VALEMAXES - RICHARD SCOTT
Another phase of the giant ships era is approaching. Chinese shipowners placed orders recently for 30 huge ‘valemax’ ore carriers. Thes ...
Wednesday, 25 May 16
MEDIATION AS A WAY TO RESOLVE DISPUTES IN THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY - LANA JACOBS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The shipping market is currently experiencing a serious recession with the Baltic Dry Index and Baltic Capesize Index bot ...
|
|
|
Showing 2416 to 2420 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
|
| |
| |
|
