We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Thursday, 01 May 14
INDONESIA EXPORT BAN POINTS TO QUESTIONS OVER CHINA'S LONG-TERM BAUXITE SUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
 China’s Bauxite demand forecast to reach 240 million tonnes by 2030
In light of the Indonesian mineral ore ban that came into force on January 12th 2014, Wood Mackenzie says the aluminium industry - particularly in China - faces a challenge to address a growing shortage of the raw material bauxite, an aluminium ore. It poses a compelling question for China - the world’s largest aluminium producer and consumer – with it's alumina refinery production forecast to rise by almost 17 million tonnes (Mt) by 2018 and a further 40Mt by 2030. Wood Mackenzie estimates China will need access to an additional 130Mt of bauxite over 2013 levels and expects China to consume as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030.
Until now Indonesia was the main supplier of bauxite to China, accounting for around 65% of overall supply in 2013. However, the mineral ore export ban that came into force in January this year, created a significant supply gap for China to fill. Wood Mackenzie believes the ban could be transformative to the global bauxite market in the longer term, but in the short to medium term the impact will be less significant due to swollen stockpiles and source diversification. Julian Kettle, Head of Metals and Mining Research for Wood Mackenzie explains: "China is the main global player in the aluminium market representing between 40% of supply and 60% of demand. Our most recent forecasts indicate that global alumina refinery production will rise to almost 140Mt by 2018, which means we'll see bauxite demand rise by almost 80Mt to 350Mt. With China's alumina demand set to increase so sharply, there will be huge implications for bauxite demand. We estimate China will need access to as much as 240Mt of bauxite by 2030 and as it only produced 72Mt domestically in 2013, huge uncertainty remains over the import versus domestic supply mix."
So where will China now source its bauxite from? Undoubtedly if Indonesia sticks to the ban in the longer term, China will have to look to alternative import sources or develop new mines domestically. However Wood Mackenzie suggests that China has in fact been making moves to diversify supply for some time in preparation for the ban. Carl Firman, Aluminium Analyst for Wood Mackenzie says: "In recent years we've seen China sourcing additional quantities of bauxite from a variety of other countries, most notably Australia and India - and while the alternative sources are not supplying huge volumes to China currently, in time they could do."
Wood Mackenzie believes that China has been actively increasing imports of bauxite since the mineral ore ban was first mooted in 2009. "This is a strategic move by China to ensure it can firstly meet the direct needs of the coastal aluminium refineries it's built up over the years, but secondly in preparation for the ban coming into force. We estimate that China has accumulated more than a year’s worth of bauxite supply. This works out at about 40Mt, or four-fifths of the entire volume of bauxite exported by Indonesia in 2013," Mr Firman adds.
Mr Kettle asserts: "Ultimately China's vast bauxite stock piles mean that in the short-term at least, there won't be any immediate impact on metal production. This strategic effort on China's part has ensured the breathing space required to either develop new bauxite mines domestically, or establish new sources of supply through imports."
Wood Mackenzie suggests one viable option that China is exploring is the utilisation of coal fly ash. "By investing in the development of new technology to extract alumina from the by-product (which occurs when burning coal for power generation) China could significantly reduce its bauxite requirement, but then again if it doesn't produce enough, it will still have to explore other options," Mr Kettle adds.
There are plenty of opportunities to develop bauxite production domestically and elsewhere in the world, and Wood Mackenzie suggests that three major basins in Guinea, Australia and Vietnam could more than meet China’s needs, but there are significant challenges to be overcome. Mr Firman cautions: "Is China going to put all of its eggs in three baskets – its history of diversifying supply would suggest otherwise."
"China does have options, but they come at a price. Developing new bauxite sources in other parts of the world will require significant investment as host governments don't just want mines - they want added value in the form of refineries and smelters. There are also the high cost hurdles of resource nationalisation, surrounding politics and developing infrastructure that China will have to negotiate in order to establish new trade routes. The big question is, will China look to these alternative sources and significantly increase imports or will it develop its own domestic resources to meet its insatiable demand? One thing that is for sure is that there are lots of opportunities for host governments open for China's business." Mr Firman offers in closing.
Editor’s notes:
Wood Mackenzie is a global leader in commercial intelligence for the energy, metals and mining industries. We provide objective analysis and advice on assets, companies and markets, giving clients the insights they need to make better strategic decisions. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 21 June 23
CHINA'S MAY COAL IMPORTS FROM AUSTRALIA RECOVER TO PRE-BAN LEVELS - REUTERS
Australian coal sales to China increased in May, as trade resumed between them even as overall coal demand weakened against an uncertain macroecono ...
Monday, 19 June 23
DROUGHT-DEPLETED HYDROPOWER DRIVES CHINA TO TURN TO COAL - REUTERS
China has leant hard on coal-fired power plants as well as wind and solar generators to make up for a shortfall in hydroelectric generation as a re ...
Monday, 19 June 23
CHINA COAL OUTPUT UP 4.2 PCT IN MAY - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted steady growth in May, official data showed.
The country produced 390 million tonnes of raw coal ...
Wednesday, 24 May 23
AMMONIA-FUELLED BULK CARRIERS WITHIN FIVE YEARS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Within five years, ships powered by clean ammonia could be a feature on the iron ore trade routes between West Australia and East Asia.
A study ...
Tuesday, 23 May 23
CHINA'S APRIL COAL OUTPUT LEAPS 11% ON YEAR, BUT DEMAND DOWNTURN LOOMS - REUTERS
China’s daily coal output in April jumped 11% from the same month a year earlier, boosted by Beijing’s order to increase supply to ensu ...
|
|
|
Showing 96 to 100 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- White Energy Company Limited
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
|
| |
| |
|
