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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Tuesday, 04 September 12
SHIP OWNERS' COMPETITION LEADS TO TANKER FIXTURES BELOW OPERATING COSTS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Ship owners operating in the VLCC tanker markets are increasingly finding it difficult to obtain even breakeven rates for their vessels, as competit ...
Tuesday, 04 September 12
ORPHEUS SECURES ADDITIONAL SIGNIFICANT KINTAP COAL PROJECT IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN
COALspot.com - Indonesian coal producer, Orpheus Energy (ASX:OEG) has announced that it has secured a 50% equity ownership in an additional tenement ...
Monday, 03 September 12
SHIPOWNERS TO WAIT FOR FURTHER PRICE REDUCTIONS IN THE SECOND HAND VESSEL MARKETS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
With September now upon us, shipbrokers are looking towards an interesting winter season, as ship owners are looking to capitalize on more second ha ...
Sunday, 02 September 12
ADAROS COAL ROYALTIES TO THE GOVERNMENT INCREASED BY 10.5 PERCENT Y-O-Y TO US$196.8 MILLION
COALspot.com - PT Adaro Energy Tbk (IDX: ADRO), the second largest power plant coal producer in Indonesia, announced its consolidated auditor-review ...
Saturday, 01 September 12
FALLING PRICES; BLEEDING MINERS
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for October 2012 delivery lost 4.070 percent and 0.422 percent respectively on W-o-W and D- ...
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- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
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