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Wednesday, 13 May 09
COAL SUPPLY MAY BE VASTLY OVERESTIMATED - ABC SCIENCE
The world's coal supply suggests reserves may be vastly overestimated and we could be facing an unprecedented global energy crisis, according to a US expert.
On the flip side, a dwindling supply of coal could also throw the brakes on global warming, some argue.
Common knowledge about coal is that major producing nations like China, the United States and Australia, have enough to last hundreds of years, far beyond the reach of oil, which may already be in its twilight years.
But worldwide coal production could plateau as early as 2025, according to one new estimate, and a growing group of scientists are concerned that fossil fuel supplies may begin dwindling by mid-century.
Last year, David Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology analysed the coal production patterns of five regions around the world - eastern Pennsylvania, France, Germany's Ruhr Valley, the United Kingdom and Japan - each of which was producing at less than a tenth of its peak levels.
He found that each of the depleted regions followed a rough bell curve of production; initial production was followed by a steep ramp-up, a plateau near peak levels, and then a consistent decline.
When he applied the same formula to coal data from around the world, the results were startling.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's maximum estimate for extractable coal is about 3000 billion tonnes. Rutledge's calculations suggest just 600 billion tonnes.
The problem with the IPCC estimate is that it lumps coal reserves, which are easy to mine, with coal resources, which may be impossible to mine.
Time for rethink
Rutledge's study also shows that, historically, national governments in the five regions have overestimated their reserves by a factor of four on average.
"These appraisals are large-scale issues," he says. "But they're done by governments. What's the incentive for governments not to give a number that is too high?"
James Murray of the University of Washington agrees.
In a talk being presented later this month at the American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, he plans to call for a re-evaluation of IPCC emissions scenarios, all 40 of which overstate humanity's ability to emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, according to Rutledge's numbers.
The committee's projections predict CO2 levels in the atmosphere to approach 500 parts per million by 2050, if emissions continue on their current trend.
But Rutledge's work suggest that even if humans burn all the coal and oil we can get our hands on, we won't be able to push CO2 past 450 ppm. Oil sands and other unconventional fossil fuels probably won't add much to that total.
Murray and Rutledge diverge on the question of climate effects, though.
Using IPCC models, Rutlgedge argues that global temperatures won't get higher than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, at the lower end of what scientists think might spark 'dangerous' climate change.
"We're still going to have global warming, and it's a serious threat," says Murray. "I have no doubt the IPCC dramatically underestimates climate sensitivity."
Regardless of climate impacts, the concern over looming energy scarcity may be more acute than ever.
"I think we'll see peak coal somewhere between 2025 and 2035," says Richard Heinberg of the Post Carbon Institute in California. "This has huge economic implications. Without growth in our energy supplies, it's very difficult to see how we're going to grow the economy."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/13/2569143.htm
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Wednesday, 13 May 09
INDONESIA ADARO NET PROFIT, REVENUE TO RISE IN 2009 - REUTERS
INDONESIA's largest coal producer by market value, PT Adaro Energy Tbk, expects double-digit growth in revenue and net profit this year, an officia ...
Wednesday, 13 May 09
ALPHA TO BUY RIVAL, CREATING NEW US COAL HEAVYWEIGHT - MININGWEEKLY.COM
Alpha Natural Resources, the biggest supplier of metallurgical coal in the US, has agreed to buy Maryland-based rival Foundation Coal for about $1,4 ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
CHINA MINERS CUT COAL PRICE OFFER TO JAPAN UTILITIES - ALIBABA.COM
* Producers cut offer to $75.50 a tonne from over $80
* Negotiations may conclude soon as price gap narrows
* New offer at discount of about 43 pe ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDO TAMBANGRAYA SEES 2010 COAL OUTPUT UP 25 PCT - REUTERS
Indonesian coal miner, PT Indo Tambangraya Megah (ITMG.JK), expects coal output to increase by up to 25 percent next year as production kicks in at ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDIKA EXPECTS TO INCREASE COAL PRODUCTION BY 12.68% IN 2010 - THE JAKARTA POST
Energy and infrastructure company PT Indika Energy, the parent company of Indonesia's third largest coal producer PT Kideco Jaya Agung, expects its ...
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
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- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The University of Queensland
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
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- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
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- Parliament of New Zealand
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- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
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- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
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- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
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- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Planning Commission, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
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- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
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- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
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- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
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