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Wednesday, 13 May 09
COAL SUPPLY MAY BE VASTLY OVERESTIMATED - ABC SCIENCE
The world's coal supply suggests reserves may be vastly overestimated and we could be facing an unprecedented global energy crisis, according to a US expert.
On the flip side, a dwindling supply of coal could also throw the brakes on global warming, some argue.
Common knowledge about coal is that major producing nations like China, the United States and Australia, have enough to last hundreds of years, far beyond the reach of oil, which may already be in its twilight years.
But worldwide coal production could plateau as early as 2025, according to one new estimate, and a growing group of scientists are concerned that fossil fuel supplies may begin dwindling by mid-century.
Last year, David Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology analysed the coal production patterns of five regions around the world - eastern Pennsylvania, France, Germany's Ruhr Valley, the United Kingdom and Japan - each of which was producing at less than a tenth of its peak levels.
He found that each of the depleted regions followed a rough bell curve of production; initial production was followed by a steep ramp-up, a plateau near peak levels, and then a consistent decline.
When he applied the same formula to coal data from around the world, the results were startling.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's maximum estimate for extractable coal is about 3000 billion tonnes. Rutledge's calculations suggest just 600 billion tonnes.
The problem with the IPCC estimate is that it lumps coal reserves, which are easy to mine, with coal resources, which may be impossible to mine.
Time for rethink
Rutledge's study also shows that, historically, national governments in the five regions have overestimated their reserves by a factor of four on average.
"These appraisals are large-scale issues," he says. "But they're done by governments. What's the incentive for governments not to give a number that is too high?"
James Murray of the University of Washington agrees.
In a talk being presented later this month at the American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, he plans to call for a re-evaluation of IPCC emissions scenarios, all 40 of which overstate humanity's ability to emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, according to Rutledge's numbers.
The committee's projections predict CO2 levels in the atmosphere to approach 500 parts per million by 2050, if emissions continue on their current trend.
But Rutledge's work suggest that even if humans burn all the coal and oil we can get our hands on, we won't be able to push CO2 past 450 ppm. Oil sands and other unconventional fossil fuels probably won't add much to that total.
Murray and Rutledge diverge on the question of climate effects, though.
Using IPCC models, Rutlgedge argues that global temperatures won't get higher than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, at the lower end of what scientists think might spark 'dangerous' climate change.
"We're still going to have global warming, and it's a serious threat," says Murray. "I have no doubt the IPCC dramatically underestimates climate sensitivity."
Regardless of climate impacts, the concern over looming energy scarcity may be more acute than ever.
"I think we'll see peak coal somewhere between 2025 and 2035," says Richard Heinberg of the Post Carbon Institute in California. "This has huge economic implications. Without growth in our energy supplies, it's very difficult to see how we're going to grow the economy."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/13/2569143.htm
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Wednesday, 13 May 09
INDONESIA ADARO NET PROFIT, REVENUE TO RISE IN 2009 - REUTERS
INDONESIA's largest coal producer by market value, PT Adaro Energy Tbk, expects double-digit growth in revenue and net profit this year, an officia ...
Wednesday, 13 May 09
ALPHA TO BUY RIVAL, CREATING NEW US COAL HEAVYWEIGHT - MININGWEEKLY.COM
Alpha Natural Resources, the biggest supplier of metallurgical coal in the US, has agreed to buy Maryland-based rival Foundation Coal for about $1,4 ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
CHINA MINERS CUT COAL PRICE OFFER TO JAPAN UTILITIES - ALIBABA.COM
* Producers cut offer to $75.50 a tonne from over $80
* Negotiations may conclude soon as price gap narrows
* New offer at discount of about 43 pe ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDO TAMBANGRAYA SEES 2010 COAL OUTPUT UP 25 PCT - REUTERS
Indonesian coal miner, PT Indo Tambangraya Megah (ITMG.JK), expects coal output to increase by up to 25 percent next year as production kicks in at ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDIKA EXPECTS TO INCREASE COAL PRODUCTION BY 12.68% IN 2010 - THE JAKARTA POST
Energy and infrastructure company PT Indika Energy, the parent company of Indonesia's third largest coal producer PT Kideco Jaya Agung, expects its ...
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- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
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- VISA Power Limited - India
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Australian Coal Association
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- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
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- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
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- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
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- PTC India Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
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- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
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- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
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