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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Monday, 22 July 13
INDO COAL SWAP FOR AUGUST 13 DELIVERY GAINED ON WEEK BUT LOST ON DAY AND MONTH
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 delivery slightly up on week but fell on day and month on Fri ...
Friday, 19 July 13
U.S.COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED APPROXIMATELY 19.60 MMST WEEK ENDED JULY 13
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 19.60 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Friday, 19 July 13
TNPL IS LOOKING FOR 300 K MT OF 6000 GAD COAL FOR FIVE MONTH
COALspot.com - Tamil Nadu Newsprint & Papers Ltd. , an Indian paper maker, is seeking 300,000 metric tons ± 5% (In 5 shipments about 60,0 ...
Thursday, 18 July 13
3RD ANNUAL FLOATING TERMINALS, INDONESIA
Commercial applications for offshore transshipment facilities
Floating Terminal solutions are increasingly being deployed by miners, independent ...
Thursday, 18 July 13
THE CAPE MARKET APPEARS TO BE HOLDING FIRM - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
In the Pacific, market maintained similar levels during the week. There is several Indo coal orders in the market, ships passing Singapore fi ...
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Planning Commission, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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