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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Saturday, 27 July 13
INDONESIA TO INDIA SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN STEADY - CAPT.REDDY
COALspot.com : The freight market seemed to soften this week with BDI , Cape and Panamax indices dropped average 5 percent on week.
The BDI was d ...
Thursday, 25 July 13
CAPESIZE : PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC RATES ARE HOLDING STEADY - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Far East market remains quiet even if some Indo coal trip orders were fed in the market at early this week. Prompt ships passing Singapor ...
Thursday, 25 July 13
SUMMER LULL CHIPPING AWAY RECENT GAINS IN DRY BULK FREIGHT RATES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
In what seems to be establishing as a permanent trend, at least for the time being, the dry bulk market kept on retreating yesterday, even if this r ...
Tuesday, 23 July 13
NEWCASTLE'S COAL EXPORTS CLIMB 17.82% ON WEEK, PORT'S DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 3,369,865 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 22 July 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. s ...
Monday, 22 July 13
DRY BULK MARKET DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN POSITIVE DRIVE CLAIMS SHIPBROKER - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market has seen a significant recovery in recent weeks, leading most ship classes to earnings above their operating expenses, thus brin ...
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- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
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