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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Monday, 15 July 13
INDO COAL SWAPS ARE STRUGGLING FOR RIGHT DIRECTION
COALspot.com – Indo coal swaps are struggling to find the right direction. Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average August 2013 d ...
Friday, 12 July 13
U.S. PRODUCED 18.40 MMST COAL WEEK ENDED 6 JULY 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 18.40 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 11 July 13
PANAMAX: PACIFIC ROUND PAY AROUND $6,500/D; ATLANTIC ROUND VOYAGE PAY AROUND US$ 10,000/D - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Feast market is quiet, July date cargoes remain unfixed as there is a gap between what owners aiming and charterers willing to pay. There ...
Wednesday, 10 July 13
DRY BULK MARKET IS STILL STRUGGLING TO SURVIVE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com : With the first half of the year now behind us and, as expected, most shipping segments in the dry bulk market are struggling to survi ...
Tuesday, 09 July 13
COAL PRICE REMAINS SLUGGISH - TRIMEGAH
COALspot.com - Newcastle coal price has reached US$ 76.30/ton (-15.9% YTD), bringing YTD’13 average to stand at US$ 87.90/ton, 6.80% lower tha ...
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The University of Queensland
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
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