We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 23 June 15
Q3 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP FALL $1.12 IN ONE MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q3 2015 declined month on month and week over week, this past week.
The Q3 swap was declined $ ...
Tuesday, 23 June 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP HAS REMAINED STEADY OVER THE PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 rose month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap was up US$ 2.32 ...
Monday, 22 June 15
BORYEONG POWER PLANT TO IMPORT 140K MT OF LCV COAL FOR AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2015
COALspot.com: South Korean state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an new tender to purchase 140K Metric Tons (MT) of LCV coal for ...
Monday, 22 June 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP: UP MONTH OVER MONTH; DOWN WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery rose US$ 0.30 (0.58%) per MT month over month.
A commodity swap is a ...
Monday, 22 June 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP: UP WEEK OVER WEEK AND MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery up $ 0.54 per MT (1.19%) month over month to US$ 45.87 per mt. The swap was ...
|
|
|
Showing 2961 to 2965 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Coal Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
