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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Thursday, 18 June 15
MERCATOR'S KAMSARMAX FIXED WITH CLEARLAKE
COALspot.com: Mercator Lines (Singapore) Limited, a leading Indian-owned international dry bulk shipping company focused on markets such as India, ...
Wednesday, 17 June 15
PANAMAX RATE AVERAGED $22.82 PMT IN THE FIRST 10 DAYS OF JUNE FOR THE GRAIN ROUTE FROM SANTOS, BRAZIL, TO QINGDAO, CHINA - INTERMODAL
This year, Brazil will be exporting a record 96 million tons of soybean crop and starting in August the country will begin shipping a second corn c ...
Tuesday, 16 June 15
MERS: POTENTIAL CHARTERPARTY IMPLICATIONS - CLYDE & CO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
South Korea's current outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has been the focus of much international at ...
Tuesday, 16 June 15
Q3 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP PRICE DOWN 50 CENTS OVER PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q3 2015 gains month on month but declined week over week, this past week.
The Q3 swap was clim ...
Tuesday, 16 June 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS: PRICES MOVED UP ON THE WEEK
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 rose month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap was up US$ 1.70 ...
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
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- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Coal Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
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