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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 01 July 15
BEIJING HAS OFFICIALLY EXTENDED BY TWO YEARS ITS SUBSIDY PROGRAM TO SUPPORT LOCAL SHIPPING COMPANIES IN SCRAPPING THEIR OLD TONNAGE - INTERMODAL
Last week, Beijing has officially extended by two years its subsidy program to support local shipping companies in scrapping their old tonnage in w ...
Tuesday, 30 June 15
Q1'16 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP CLOSED $ 43.45 PER MT
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q3 2015 declined month on month and flat week over week, this past week.
The Q3 swap was decli ...
Monday, 29 June 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS UP SLIGHTLY MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery rose US$ 0.57 (1.11%) per MT month over month.
A commodity swap is a ...
Monday, 29 June 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP SLIGHTLY UP MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery up $ 0.49 per MT (1.08%) month over month to US$ 45.77 per mt. The swap was ...
Saturday, 27 June 15
THE FREIGHT MARKET WAS STEADY EARLIER IN THE WEEK; SOFTEN INTO WEEK'S END
COALspot.com: The freight market remain steady earlier in the week, but towards end of the week BDI and BCI shows some signs of softening.
The ...
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- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PTC India Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Australian Coal Association
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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