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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 07 July 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP ADVANCED MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery up $ 0.28 per MT (-0.61%) month over month to US$ 45.85 per mt. The swap wa ...
Monday, 06 July 15
KOREA MIDLAND POWER COMPANY LIMITED ISSUED A TENDER FOR 250K MT BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korean state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an new tender for 250K Metric Tons (MT) of 5300 kcal/kg NAR coal ...
Monday, 06 July 15
COAL TRADING & RISK MANAGEMENT TRAINING COURSE
Are you ready to invest in yourself and take your trading and risk management strategy to the next level? The Coal Trading & Risk Management Tr ...
Monday, 06 July 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP; DECLINED D-O-D,W-O-W AND M-O-M
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 0.53 (1.01%) per MT month over month.
A commodity swap ...
Sunday, 05 July 15
THE BALTIC DRY INDEX WAS DOWN 18%; PANAMAX UP 9%
COALspot.com: The freight market was soft during this week. However indices closed slightly firmer end of the week on 3rd July.
The BDI was do ...
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Planning Commission, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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