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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Friday, 22 October 21
CHINA WANTS TO COOL COAL PRICES. SIMILAR MOVES FOR METALS, CRUDE FAILED - REUTERS
China’s latest attempt to lower runaway commodity prices, this time for thermal coal, is likely to follow a familiar pattern of initial succe ...
Friday, 22 October 21
HARD COAL REMAINS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SECURITY OF SUPPLY - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
- Hard coal remains an important factor for security of supply
- Increase of around 35% in hard-coal-fired power generation in the first three ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S COAL SHORTAGE TO EASE IN COMING MONTHS, INDUSTRY BODY SAYS - REUTERS
China’s coal shortage will likely ease in coming months, with domestic production and imports already showing signs of picking up, a coal ind ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT DROPS IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output dropped 0.9 percent year on year to 330 million tonnes last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA COAL HITS RECORD HIGH AMID TIGHT SUPPLIES - REUTERS
China coal prices hit a record high on Tuesday buoyed by a widening power crunch and cold weather despite Beijing’s efforts to bolster supply ...
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PTC India Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The University of Queensland
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
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