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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Friday, 20 August 21
ARE WE LOOKING AT THE NEXT DRY BULK SUPER CYCLE? IS IT EVEN A CYCLE? - BIMCO
Throughout the first half of the year, talk of a new dry bulk super cycle has been on many lips as commodity prices have soared to multi-year highs ...
Friday, 20 August 21
BIMCO'S SHIPPING NUMBER OF THE WEEK: CHINESE IRON ORE IMPORTS FALL TO 14-MONTH LOW IN JULY - PETER SAND
Chinese iron ore imports fell to 88.5 million tonnes in July, the lowest level since May 2020. The fall in July means that accumulated imports are ...
Friday, 20 August 21
SOARING DEMAND FOR THE WORLD’S LEAST-LIKED COMMODITY SEES THERMAL COAL PRICES JUMP 106% THIS YEAR - CNBC
Soaring electricity demand, infrastructure woes and a surge in global gas prices have triggered an extraordinary rally for the world’s least ...
Friday, 20 August 21
CHINA’S IRON ORE IMPORTS CONTRACTED YEAR-ON-YEAR BY 2% IN 2018 AND GREW YEAR-ON-YEAR BY ONLY 1% IN 2019 - COMMODORE RESEARCH
Examining the last ten years of China’s crude steel output and iron ore imports shows that China’s iron ore imports have stayed r ...
Friday, 13 August 21
INDONESIA’S COAL EXPORTS TO JAPAN DECLINED BY -26.3% YOY TO 11.9 MLN TONNES IN THE FIRST 7 MONTHS OF 2021; STILL THE SECOND LARGEST SOURCE FOR JAPAN’S COAL IMPORTS IS INDONESIA - BANCHERO COSTA
2020 proved to be a truly terrible year for global seaborne coal trade. Total global loadings in the 12 months of 2020 were down -12.7% year-on-yea ...
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The University of Queensland
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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