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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 05 July 18
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE HITS 74 MONTHS HIGH OF $104.65 A TON
COALspot.com: HBA keeps rising. According to latest ministerial decree No.1892 K/30/MEM/2018 dated 2 July 2018, the Indonesian Coal Price Reference ...
Wednesday, 04 July 18
TANKER MARKET INSIGHT - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
2 years tanker briefing in tanker asset prices
The tanker market is undoubtedly passing one of its’ roughest times over the la ...
Tuesday, 03 July 18
COAL, THE SECOND MAIN COMMODITY FOR CAPES, HAS BEEN SHOWING A REMARKABLE RISE IN TRADE VOLUMES IN THE YEAR SO FAR - THOMAS CHASAPIS
Having reached the mid-point in the year, it seems to be a good time to summarize the overall trends noted in the Dry Bulk sector and more specific ...
Tuesday, 03 July 18
SUPRAMAX: A 56,000-DWT WAS FIXED BASIS DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY CHINA, AT $12,100 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The market generally drifted and by mid-week dropped to what some felt was an artificially low level, only to bounce back at the end o ...
Tuesday, 03 July 18
COAL OVERTAKES IRON ORE IN GOVERNMENT FORECASTS AS AUSTRALIA'S LARGEST EXPORT FOR 2018-19 - MINERALS COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA
Coal is forecast to be Australia’s largest export earner at $58.1 billion in 2018-19 with iron ore exports forecast to earn $57.7 billion in ...
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- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
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